الكون مليء بالمجرات التي تعرض ، على نطاق واسع ، نمطًا خيطيًا ، يشار إليه باسم الشبكة الكونية. هذا التوزيع غير المتجانس للمادة الكونية يشبه في بعض النواحي التوت الأزرق في كعكة المافن ، حيث تتجمع المادة في بعض المناطق ولكن بدرجة أقل في مناطق أخرى.
استنادًا إلى سلسلة من عمليات المحاكاة ، بدأ الباحثون في دراسة البنية غير المتجانسة للكون من خلال معالجة توزيع المجرات ليس كتوزيع مستمر ولكن كمجموعة من النقاط ، مثل جسيمات المادة الفردية التي تشكل شيئًا. تتيح هذه التقنية استخدام الرياضيات المطورة لعلوم المواد لحساب الاضطراب النسبي للكون ، مما يساعد على فهم بنيته الأساسية بشكل أفضل.
أوضح أوليفر بيلكوكس ، المؤلف المشارك للدراسة: “ما وجدناه هو أن توزيع المجرات في الكون يختلف تمامًا عن الخصائص الفيزيائية للمادة العادية ، مع توقيعها الفريد”.
تم نشر هذا العمل الآن الفحص البدني Xباستضافة سلفادور توركادو[{” attribute=””>Princeton University’s departments of chemistry and physics; and Oliver Philcox a visiting Ph.D. student at the Institute from September 2020 to August 2022, now a Junior Fellow in the Simons Society of Fellows, hosted at Columbia University.
https://www.youtube.com/watch؟v=ZI0ncxCG6qw
يعطي هذا التصور عرضًا ثلاثي الأبعاد لأكبر الهياكل في الكون. يبدأ ببيانات من مسح Sloan Digital Sky ويكشف عن البيانات من WMAP. دَين:[{” attribute=””>NASA/University of Chicago and Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum
The pair analyzed public simulation data generated by Princeton University and the Flatiron Institute. Each of the 1,000 simulations consists of a billion dark matter “particles,” whose clusters, formed by gravitational evolution, serve as a proxy for galaxies.
One of the main results of the paper concerns the correlations of pairs of galaxies that are topologically connected to one another by means of the pair-connectedness function. Based on this—and the array of other descriptors that arise in the theory of heterogeneous media—the research team showed that on the largest scales (on the order of several hundred megaparsecs), the universe approaches hyperuniformity, while on smaller scales (up to 10 megaparsecs) it becomes almost antihyperuniform and strongly inhomogeneous.
“The perceived shift between order and disorder depends largely on scale,” stated Torquato. “The pointillist technique of Georges Seurat in the painting A Sunday on La Grande Jatte (see image below) produces a similar visual effect; the work appears disordered when viewed up-close and highly ordered from afar. In terms of the universe, the degree of order and disorder is more subtle, as with a Rorschach inkblot test that can be interpreted in an infinite number of ways.”
Statistical tools, specifically nearest-neighbor distributions, clustering diagnostics, Poisson distributions, percolation thresholds, and the pair-connectedness function, allowed the researchers to develop a consistent and objective framework for measuring order. Therefore, their findings, while made in a cosmological context, translate to a number of other dynamical, physical systems.
This interdisciplinary work, combining the techniques of cosmology and condensed matter physics, has future implications for both fields. Beyond the distribution of galaxies, many other features of the universe can be explored with these tools, including cosmic voids and the ionized hydrogen bubbles that formed during the reionization phase of the universe. Conversely, the novel phenomena discovered about the universe may also provide insight into various material systems on Earth. The team recognizes that more work will be needed before these techniques can be applied to real data, but this work provides a strong proof-of-concept with significant potential.
Reference: “Disordered Heterogeneous Universe: Galaxy Distribution and Clustering across Length Scales” by Oliver H. E. Philcox and Salvatore Torquato, 14 March 2023, Physical Review X.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.13.011038